Andean surface uplift constrained by radiogenic isotopes of arc lavas.

Scott, Erin M; Allen, Mark B; Macpherson, Colin G; McCaffrey, Ken J W; Davidson, Jon P; Saville, Christopher; Ducea, Mihai N · Nat Commun · 2018

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Climate and tectonics have complex feedback systems which are difficult to resolve and remain controversial. Here we propose a new climate-independent approach to constrain regional Andean surface uplift. <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr and <sup>143</sup>Nd/<sup>144</sup>Nd ratios of Quaternary frontal-arc lavas from the Andean Plateau are distinctly crustal (>0.705 and <0.5125, respectively) compared to non-plateau arc lavas, which we identify as a plateau discriminant. Strong linear correlations exist between smoothed elevation and <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.858, n = 17) and <sup>143</sup>Nd/<sup>144</sup>Nd (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.919, n = 16) ratios of non-plateau arc lavas. These relationships are used to constrain 200 Myr of surface uplift history for the Western Cordillera (present elevation 4200 ± 516 m). Between 16 and 26°S, Miocene to recent arc lavas have comparable isotopic signatures, which we infer indicates that current elevations were attained in the Western Cordillera from 23 Ma. From 23-10 Ma, surface uplift gradually propagated southwards by ~400 km.