In vitro assessment of the differences in retinal ganglion cell responses to intra- and extracellular electrical stimulation.

Abstract

To compare responses of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) to intracellular and extracellular electrical stimulation of varying frequency and amplitude. In vitro patch clamp was used to record the responses of RGCs to sinusoidal current stimulation of varying frequency and amplitude. The results were simulated using the Neuron software package. The stimulation frequency yielding the greatest response was higher for extracellular stimulation compared to intracellular stimulation in the same cells (256 Hz versus 64 Hz). In fact, at the high end of the frequency range, where extracellular stimulation was highly efficacious, no responses could be generated using intracellular stimulation. A region in the amplitude-frequency stimulation space was identified where OFF-RGCs could be preferentially stimulated over ON-RGCs. We found that the inability of RGCs to respond at high frequencies of intracellular stimulation is likely the result of the axon acting as a low pass filter. There is no direct translation of the results obtained with intracellular stimulation to those that employ extracellular stimulation.