Prognostic Value of Methylator Phenotype in Stage III Colon Cancer Treated with Oxaliplatin-based Adjuvant Chemotherapy.

Abstract

<b>Purpose:</b> There are conflicting results concerning the prognostic value of the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) in patients with nonmetastatic colon cancer. We studied this phenotype in stage III colon cancer characterized for mismatch repair (MMR), <i>RAS</i>, and <i>BRAF</i> status, and treated with adjuvant FOLFOX-based regimen.<b>Experimental Design:</b> Tumor samples of 1,907 patients enrolled in the PETACC-8 adjuvant phase III trial were analyzed. The method used was methylation-specific PCR, where CIMP⁺ status was defined by methylation of at least 3 of 5 following genes: <i>IGF2, CACNA1G, NEUROG1, SOCS1</i>, and <i>RUNX3</i> Association between CIMP status and overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and survival after recurrence (SAR), was assessed by Cox model adjusted for prognostic factors and treatment arm (FOLFOX4 ± cetuximab).<b>Results:</b> CIMP status was successfully determined in 1,867 patients (97.9%): 275 (14.7%) tumors were CIMP⁺ Compared with CIMP^- patients, CIMP⁺ patients were more frequently older (<i>P</i> = 0.002), females (<i>P</i> = 0.04), with right-sided (<i>P</i> < 0.0001), grade 3-4 (<i>P</i> < 0.0001), pN2 (<i>P</i> = 0.001), dMMR (<i>P</i> < 0.0001), BRAF mutated (<i>P</i> < 0.0001), and RAS wild-type (<i>P</i> < 0.0001) tumors. In multivariate analysis, CIMP⁺ status was associated with shorter OS [HR, 1.46; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-1.94; <i>P</i> = 0.04] and SAR [HR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.20-2.56; <i>P</i> < 0.0004]; but not DFS [HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.86-1.54; <i>P</i> = 0.34]. A nonsignificant trend of detrimental effect of cetuximab was observed in patients with CIMP⁺ tumors for OS, DFS, and SAR.<b>Conclusions:</b> In a large cohort of well-defined patients with stage III colon cancer, CIMP⁺ phenotype is associated with a shorter OS and SAR but not to DFS. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(19); 4745-53. ©2018 AACR</i>.