Combining spectroscopic and isotopic techniques gives a dynamic view of phosphorus cycling in soil.

Helfenstein, Julian; Tamburini, Federica; von Sperber, Christian; Massey, Michael S; Pistocchi, Chiara; Chadwick, Oliver A; Vitousek, Peter M; Kretzschmar, Ruben et al. · Nat Commun · 2018

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Current understanding of phosphorus (P) cycling in soils can be enhanced by integrating previously discrete findings concerning P speciation, exchange kinetics, and the underlying biological and geochemical processes. Here, we combine sequential extraction with P K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy and isotopic methods (<sup>33</sup>P and <sup>18</sup>O in phosphate) to characterize P cycling on a climatic gradient in Hawaii. We link P pools to P species and estimate the turnover times for commonly considered P pools. Dissolved P turned over in seconds, resin-extractable P in minutes, NaOH-extractable inorganic P in weeks to months, and HCl-extractable P in years to millennia. Furthermore, we show that in arid-zone soils, some primary mineral P remains even after 150 ky of soil development, whereas in humid-zone soils of the same age, all P in all pools has been biologically cycled. The integrative information we provide makes possible a more dynamic, process-oriented conceptual model of P cycling in soils.