Hyperfine-phonon spin relaxation in a single-electron GaAs quantum dot.

Camenzind, Leon C; Yu, Liuqi; Stano, Peter; Zimmerman, Jeramy D; Gossard, Arthur C; Loss, Daniel; Zumbühl, Dominik M · Nat Commun · 2018

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Understanding and control of the spin relaxation time T<sub>1</sub> is among the key challenges for spin-based qubits. A larger T<sub>1</sub> is generally favored, setting the fundamental upper limit to the qubit coherence and spin readout fidelity. In GaAs quantum dots at low temperatures and high in-plane magnetic fields B, the spin relaxation relies on phonon emission and spin-orbit coupling. The characteristic dependence T<sub>1</sub> ∝ B<sup>-5</sup> and pronounced B-field anisotropy were already confirmed experimentally. However, it has also been predicted 15 years ago that at low enough fields, the spin-orbit interaction is replaced by the coupling to the nuclear spins, where the relaxation becomes isotropic, and the scaling changes to T<sub>1</sub> ∝ B<sup>-3</sup>. Here, we establish these predictions experimentally, by measuring T<sub>1</sub> over an unprecedented range of magnetic fields-made possible by lower temperature-and report a maximum T<sub>1</sub> = 57 ± 15 s at the lowest fields, setting a record electron spin lifetime in a nanostructure.