Crystalline TiO<sub>2</sub> protective layer with graded oxygen defects for efficient and stable silicon-based photocathode.

Zheng, Jianyun; Lyu, Yanhong; Wang, Ruilun; Xie, Chao; Zhou, Huaijuan; Jiang, San Ping; Wang, Shuangyin · Nat Commun · 2018

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

The trade-offs between photoelectrode efficiency and stability significantly hinder the practical application of silicon-based photoelectrochemical devices. Here, we report a facile approach to decouple the trade-offs of silicon-based photocathodes by employing crystalline TiO<sub>2</sub> with graded oxygen defects as protection layer. The crystalline protection layer provides high-density structure and enhances stability, and at the same time oxygen defects allow the carrier transport with low resistance as required for high efficiency. The silicon-based photocathode with black TiO<sub>2</sub> shows a limiting current density of ~35.3 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> and durability of over 100 h at 10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> in 1.0 M NaOH electrolyte, while none of photoelectrochemical behavior is observed in crystalline TiO<sub>2</sub> protection layer. These findings have significant suggestions for further development of silicon-based, III-V compounds and other photoelectrodes and offer the possibility for achieving highly efficient and durable photoelectrochemical devices.