Defective cortex glia plasma membrane structure underlies light-induced epilepsy in <i>cpes</i> mutants.

Abstract

Seizures induced by visual stimulation (photosensitive epilepsy; PSE) represent a common type of epilepsy in humans, but the molecular mechanisms and genetic drivers underlying PSE remain unknown, and no good genetic animal models have been identified as yet. Here, we show an animal model of PSE, in <i>Drosophila</i>, owing to defective cortex glia. The cortex glial membranes are severely compromised in ceramide phosphoethanolamine synthase (<i>cpes</i>)-null mutants and fail to encapsulate the neuronal cell bodies in the <i>Drosophila</i> neuronal cortex. Expression of human sphingomyelin synthase 1, which synthesizes the closely related ceramide phosphocholine (sphingomyelin), rescues the cortex glial abnormalities and PSE, underscoring the evolutionarily conserved role of these lipids in glial membranes. Further, we show the compromise in plasma membrane structure that underlies the glial cell membrane collapse in <i>cpes</i> mutants and leads to the PSE phenotype.