Gas-solid reaction based over one-micrometer thick stable perovskite films for efficient solar cells and modules.

Liu, Zonghao; Qiu, Longbin; Juarez-Perez, Emilio J; Hawash, Zafer; Kim, Taehoon; Jiang, Yan; Wu, Zhifang; Raga, Sonia R et al. · Nat Commun · 2018

basic_science · Level V

Where this comes from

Abstract

Besides high efficiency, the stability and reproducibility of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are also key for their commercialization. Herein, we report a simple perovskite formation method to fabricate perovskite films with thickness over 1 μm in ambient condition on the basis of the fast gas-solid reaction of chlorine-incorporated hydrogen lead triiodide and methylamine gas. The resultant thick and smooth chlorine-incorporated perovskite films exhibit full coverage, improved crystallinity, low surface roughness and low thickness variation. The resultant PSCs achieve an average power conversion efficiency of 19.1 ± 0.4% with good reproducibility. Meanwhile, this method enables an active area efficiency of 15.3% for 5 cm × 5 cm solar modules. The un-encapsulated PSCs exhibit an excellent T<sub>80</sub> lifetime exceeding 1600 h under continuous operation conditions in dry nitrogen environment.