Inflammation-induced Id2 promotes plasticity in regulatory T cells.

Hwang, Sung-Min; Sharma, Garima; Verma, Ravi; Byun, Seohyun; Rudra, Dipayan; Im, Sin-Hyeog · Nat Commun · 2018

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

T<sub>H</sub>17 cells originating from regulatory T (T<sub>reg</sub>) cells upon loss of the T<sub>reg-</sub>specific transcription factor Foxp3 accumulate in sites of inflammation and aggravate autoimmune diseases. Whether an active mechanism drives the generation of these pathogenic 'ex-Foxp3 T<sub>H</sub>17' cells, remains unclear. Here we show that pro-inflammatory cytokines enhance the expression of transcription regulator Id2, which mediates cellular plasticity of T<sub>reg</sub> into ex-Foxp3 T<sub>H</sub>17 cells. Expression of Id2 in in vitro differentiated iT<sub>reg</sub> cells reduces the expression of Foxp3 by sequestration of the transcription activator E2A, leading to the induction of T<sub>H</sub>17-related cytokines. T<sub>reg</sub>-specific ectopic expression of Id2 in mice significantly reduces the T<sub>reg</sub> compartment and causes immune dysregulation. Cellular fate-mapping experiments reveal enhanced T<sub>reg</sub> plasticity compared to wild-type, resulting in exacerbated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis pathogenesis or enhanced anti-tumor immunity. Our findings suggest that controlling Id2 expression may provide a novel approach for effective T<sub>reg</sub> cell immunotherapies for both autoimmunity and cancer.

Medical subject headings