Long-term live imaging of the <i>Drosophila</i> adult midgut reveals real-time dynamics of division, differentiation and loss.

Abstract

Organ renewal is governed by the dynamics of cell division, differentiation and loss. To study these dynamics in real time, we present a platform for extended live imaging of the adult <i>Drosophila</i> midgut, a premier genetic model for stem-cell-based organs. A window cut into a living animal allows the midgut to be imaged while intact and physiologically functioning. This approach prolongs imaging sessions to 12-16 hr and yields movies that document cell and tissue dynamics at vivid spatiotemporal resolution. By applying a pipeline for movie processing and analysis, we uncover new and intriguing cell behaviors: that mitotic stem cells dynamically re-orient, that daughter cells use slow kinetics of Notch activation to reach a fate-specifying threshold, and that enterocytes extrude via ratcheted constriction of a junctional ring. By enabling real-time study of midgut phenomena that were previously inaccessible, our platform opens a new realm for dynamic understanding of adult organ renewal.