Ultimate limit in size and performance of WSe<sub>2</sub> vertical diodes.

Nazir, Ghazanfar; Kim, Hakseong; Kim, Jihwan; Kim, Kyoung Soo; Shin, Dong Hoon; Khan, Muhammad Farooq; Lee, Dong Su; Hwang, Jun Yeon et al. · Nat Commun · 2018

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Precise doping-profile engineering in van der Waals heterostructures is a key element to promote optimal device performance in various electrical and optical applications with two-dimensional layered materials. Here, we report tungsten diselenide- (WSe<sub>2</sub>) based pure vertical diodes with atomically defined p-, i- and n-channel regions. Externally modulated p- and n-doped layers are respectively formed on the bottom and the top facets of WSe<sub>2</sub> single crystals by direct evaporations of high and low work-function metals platinum and gadolinium, thus forming atomically sharp p-i-n heterojunctions in the homogeneous WSe<sub>2</sub> layers. As the number of layers increases, charge transport through the vertical WSe<sub>2</sub> p-i-n heterojunctions is characterized by a series of quantum tunneling events; direct tunneling, Fowler-Nordheim tunneling, and Schottky emission tunneling. With optimally selected WSe<sub>2</sub> thickness, our vertical heterojunctions show superb diode characteristics of an unprecedentedly high current density and low turn-on voltages while maintaining good current rectification.