pH effects on the electrochemical reduction of CO<sub>(2)</sub> towards C<sub>2</sub> products on stepped copper.

Liu, Xinyan; Schlexer, Philomena; Xiao, Jianping; Ji, Yongfei; Wang, Lei; Sandberg, Robert B; Tang, Michael; Brown, Kristopher S et al. · Nat Commun · 2019

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

We present a microkinetic model for CO<sub>(2)</sub> reduction (CO<sub>(2)</sub>R) on Cu(211) towards C<sub>2</sub> products, based on energetics estimated from an explicit solvent model. We show that the differences in both Tafel slopes and pH dependence for C<sub>1</sub> vs C<sub>2</sub> activity arise from differences in their multi-step mechanisms. We find the depletion in C<sub>2</sub> products observed at high overpotential and high pH to arise from the 2<sup>nd</sup> order dependence of C-C coupling on CO coverage, which decreases due to competition from the C<sub>1</sub> pathway. We further demonstrate that CO<sub>(2)</sub> reduction at a fixed pH yield similar activities, due to the facile kinetics for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction to CO on Cu, which suggests C<sub>2</sub> products to be favored for CO<sub>2</sub>R under alkaline conditions. The mechanistic insights of this work elucidate how reaction conditions can lead to significant enhancements in selectivity and activity towards higher value C<sub>2</sub> products.