Discovery of colossal Seebeck effect in metallic Cu<sub>2</sub>Se.

Byeon, Dogyun; Sobota, Robert; Delime-Codrin, Kévin; Choi, Seongho; Hirata, Keisuke; Adachi, Masahiro; Kiyama, Makoto; Matsuura, Takashi et al. · Nat Commun · 2019

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Both electrical conductivity σ and Seebeck coefficient S are functions of carrier concentration being correlated with each other, and the value of power factor S<sup>2</sup>σ is generally limited to less than 0.01 W m<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-2</sup>. Here we report that, under the temperature gradient applied simultaneously to both parallel and perpendicular directions of measurement, a metallic copper selenide, Cu<sub>2</sub>Se, shows two sign reversals and colossal values of S exceeding ±2 mV K<sup>-1</sup> in a narrow temperature range, 340 K < T < 400 K, where a structure phase transition takes place. The metallic behavior of σ possessing larger magnitude exceeding 600 S cm<sup>-1</sup> leads to a colossal value of S<sup>2</sup>σ = 2.3 W m<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-2</sup>. The small thermal conductivity less than 2 W m<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup> results in a huge dimensionless figure of merit exceeding 400. This unusual behavior is brought about by the self-tuning carrier concentration effect in the low-temperature phase assisted by the high-temperature phase.