Therapeutic targeting of HER2-CB₂R heteromers in HER2-positive breast cancer.

Abstract

Although human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapies have dramatically improved the clinical outcome of HER2-positive breast cancer patients, innate and acquired resistance remains an important clinical challenge. New therapeutic approaches and diagnostic tools for identification, stratification, and treatment of patients at higher risk of resistance and recurrence are therefore warranted. Here, we unveil a mechanism controlling the oncogenic activity of HER2: heteromerization with the cannabinoid receptor CB₂R. We show that HER2 physically interacts with CB₂R in breast cancer cells, and that the expression of these heteromers correlates with poor patient prognosis. The cannabinoid Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) disrupts HER2-CB₂R complexes by selectively binding to CB₂R, which leads to (<i>i</i>) the inactivation of HER2 through disruption of HER2-HER2 homodimers, and (<i>ii</i>) the subsequent degradation of HER2 by the proteasome via the E3 ligase c-CBL. This in turn triggers antitumor responses in vitro and in vivo. Selective targeting of CB₂R transmembrane region 5 mimicked THC effects. Together, these findings define HER2-CB₂R heteromers as new potential targets for antitumor therapies and biomarkers with prognostic value in HER2-positive breast cancer.