PGM-Free Cathode Catalysts for PEM Fuel Cells: A Mini-Review on Stability Challenges.
review · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 30779384.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1002/adma.201807615.
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Abstract
In recent years, significant progress has been achieved in the development of platinum group metal-free (PGM-free) oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. At the same time the limited durability of these catalysts remains a great challenge that needs to be addressed. This mini-review summarizes the recent progress in understanding the main causes of instability of PGM-free ORR catalysts in acidic environments, focusing on transition metal/nitrogen codoped systems (M-N-C catalysts, M: Fe, Co, Mn), particularly MN<sub>x</sub> moiety active sites. Of several possible degradation mechanisms, demetalation and carbon oxidation are found to be the most likely reasons for M-N-C catalysts/cathodes degradation.