Transcriptional profiling at the <i>DLK1/MEG3</i> domain explains clinical overlap between imprinting disorders.

Abstract

Imprinting disorders (IDs) often affect growth in humans, leading to diseases with overlapping features, regardless of the genomic region affected. IDs related to hypomethylation of the human 14q32.2 region and its <i>DLK1/MEG3</i> domain are associated with Temple syndrome (TS14). TS14 is a rare type of growth retardation, the clinical signs of which overlap considerably with those of Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS), another ID related to <i>IGF2</i> down-regulation at 11p15.5 region. We show that 14q32.2 hypomethylation affects expression, not only for genes at this locus but also for other imprinted genes, and especially lowers <i>IGF2</i> levels at 11p15.5. Furthermore, expression of nonimprinted genes is also affected, some of which are also deregulated in SRS patients. These findings highlight the epigenetic regulation of gene expression at the <i>DLK1/MEG3</i> domain. Expression profiling of TS14 and SRS patients highlights common signatures, which may account for the clinical overlap observed between TS14 and SRS.