Towards Personalized Neoadjuvant Therapy for Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer.

Li, Roger; Spiess, Philippe E; Gilbert, Scott M; Necchi, Andrea · Eur Urol · 2019

editorial · Level V

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Abstract

It has been demonstrated that immune checkpoint blockade has efficacy similar to chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting. Biomarkers such as PD-L1 expression levels can be used to rationally design clinical trials aimed at personalizing systemic therapy for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

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