Spinon confinement and a sharp longitudinal mode in Yb<sub>2</sub>Pt<sub>2</sub>Pb in magnetic fields.

Gannon, W J; Zaliznyak, I A; Wu, L S; Feiguin, A E; Tsvelik, A M; Demmel, F; Qiu, Y; Copley, J R D et al. · Nat Commun · 2019

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

The fundamental excitations in an antiferromagnetic chain of spins-1/2 are spinons, de-confined fractional quasiparticles that when combined in pairs, form a triplet excitation continuum. In an Ising-like spin chain the continuum is gapped and the ground state is Néel ordered. Here, we report high resolution neutron scattering experiments, which reveal how a magnetic field closes this gap and drives the spin chains in Yb<sub>2</sub>Pt<sub>2</sub>Pb to a critical, disordered Luttinger-liquid state. In Yb<sub>2</sub>Pt<sub>2</sub>Pb the effective spins-1/2 describe the dynamics of large, Ising-like Yb magnetic moments, ensuring that the measured excitations are exclusively longitudinal, which we find to be well described by time-dependent density matrix renormalization group calculations. The inter-chain coupling leads to the confinement of spinons, a condensed matter analog of quark confinement in quantum chromodynamics. Insensitive to transverse fluctuations, our measurements show how a gapless, dispersive longitudinal mode arises from confinement and evolves with magnetic order.