A Comparison of Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation on Commonly Used Orthopaedic Metal Implant Materials: An <i>In vitro</i> Study.
basic_science · Level V
Where this comes from
- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 30905995.
- Also identified by DOI 10.4103/ortho.IJOrtho_66_18 and PMC identifier 6394199.
- Licence recorded as CC BY-NC-SA.
- Because redistribution is not established, this page shows the abstract only. Follow the links below for the full text.
Abstract
Bacterial adherence and biofilm formation on the surface of biomaterials can often lead to implant-related infections, which may vary depending on the species of microorganisms, type of biomaterial used, and physical characteristics of implant surfaces. However, there are limited studies specifically comparing biofilm formation between commonly used metallic orthopaedic implant materials and different bacterial strains. This <i>in vitro</i> study is to evaluate the ability of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> to adhere to and to form biofilms on the surface of five orthopaedic biomaterials, viz., cobalt and chromium, highly cross-linked polyethylene, stainless steel, trabecular metal, and titanium alloy. Bacterial adherence and bacterial biofilm-formation assays were performed by culturing <i>S. aureus</i> ATCC 29213, <i>S. epidermidis</i> ATCC 35984, <i>E. coli</i> ATCC 35218, <i>K. pneumoniae</i> ATCC 700603, and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> ATCC 27853 for 48 h on five different biomaterials. Quantitative bacterial adherence and biofilm formation were analyzed with a scanning electron microscope. The highest level of adherence was observed on highly cross-linked polyethylene, followed by titanium, stainless steel, and trabecular metal, with the lowest occurring on the cobalt-chromium alloy. Among the bacterial strains tested, the ability for high adherence was observed with <i>S. epidermidis</i> and <i>K. pneumoniae</i> followed by <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and <i>E. coli</i>, whereas <i>S. aureus</i> showed the least adherence. Cobalt-chromium was observed to have the lowest proclivity towards bacterial adherence compared to the other biomaterials tested. However, bacterial adhesion occurred with all the materials. Hence, it is necessary to further evaluate newer biomaterials that are resistant to bacterial adherence.