Endoscopic Type 1 Tympanoplasty in Chronic Otitis Media: Comparative Study with a Postauricular Microscopic Approach.

Abstract

To compare surgical outcomes after tympanoplasty without ossiculoplasty for chronic otitis media between transcanal endoscopic ear surgery (TEES) and postauricular microscopic ear surgery (PAMES). Case-control study. Tertiary care university hospital. Consecutive patients (<i>N</i> = 122) who had undergone tympanoplasty without ossiculoplasty for chronic otitis media were enrolled in this retrospective study and divided into 2 groups: TEES (n = 47) and PAMES (n = 75). Middle ear condition was graded with the middle ear risk index. Hearing, repair of tympanic membrane perforation, and surgical time were assessed. The surgical success rate for hearing (air-bone gap ≤20 dB) was 95.7% in the TEES group and 84.0% in the PAMES group. Lower middle ear risk resulted in similar mean (95% CI) closure of air-bone gaps (TEES: 9.6, 6.5-12.6; PAMES: 8.0, 6.4-9.7; <i>P</i> = .333), whereas higher middle ear risk demonstrated significantly larger closure of air-bone gaps for the TEES group (10.1, 3.3-16.9) than the PAMES group (-0.2, -4.5 to 4.2; <i>P</i> = .009). The surgical success rate for repair of tympanic membrane perforation and surgical time were equivalent between TEES and PAMES. Under favorable conditions of the middle ear, TEES and PAMES resulted in similar hearing improvement by tympanoplasty without ossiculoplasty. However, under adverse conditions of the middle ear, TEES was a more beneficial approach for hearing improvement than PAMES.