Anaerobic oxidation of ethane by archaea from a marine hydrocarbon seep.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 30918404.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1038/s41586-019-1063-0.
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Abstract
Ethane is the second most abundant component of natural gas in addition to methane, and-similar to methane-is chemically unreactive. The biological consumption of ethane under anoxic conditions was suggested by geochemical profiles at marine hydrocarbon seeps<sup>1-3</sup>, and through ethane-dependent sulfate reduction in slurries<sup>4-7</sup>. Nevertheless, the microorganisms and reactions that catalyse this process have to date remained unknown<sup>8</sup>. Here we describe ethane-oxidizing archaea that were obtained by specific enrichment over ten years, and analyse these archaea using phylogeny-based fluorescence analyses, proteogenomics and metabolite studies. The co-culture, which oxidized ethane completely while reducing sulfate to sulfide, was dominated by an archaeon that we name 'Candidatus Argoarchaeum ethanivorans'; other members were sulfate-reducing Deltaproteobacteria. The genome of Ca. Argoarchaeum contains all of the genes that are necessary for a functional methyl-coenzyme M reductase, and all subunits were detected in protein extracts. Accordingly, ethyl-coenzyme M (ethyl-CoM) was identified as an intermediate by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. This indicated that Ca. Argoarchaeum initiates ethane oxidation by ethyl-CoM formation, analogous to the recently described butane activation by 'Candidatus Syntrophoarchaeum'<sup>9</sup>. Proteogenomics further suggests that oxidation of intermediary acetyl-CoA to CO<sub>2</sub> occurs through the oxidative Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. The identification of an archaeon that uses ethane (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>) fills a gap in our knowledge of microorganisms that specifically oxidize members of the homologous alkane series (C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+2</sub>) without oxygen. Detection of phylogenetic and functional gene markers related to those of Ca. Argoarchaeum at deep-sea gas seeps<sup>10-12</sup> suggests that archaea that are able to oxidize ethane through ethyl-CoM are widespread members of the local communities fostered by venting gaseous alkanes around these seeps.
Medical subject headings
- Aquatic Organisms
- Archaea
- Ethane