The significance of tumor budding in oral cancer survival and its relevance to the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system.

Abstract

To explore the clinicopathological significance of tumor budding (TB) on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) prognosis. Data of 200 patients with OSCC were retrieved from the cancer registration database in Taipei Veterans General Hospital. Clinicopathological characteristics and survival relevant to TB were analyzed. The data showed that TB was predominant in the tongue and floor of the mouth in younger patients with OSCC and correlated with several pathological factors, such as perineural invasion and lymphovascular invasion. Patients with TB have significantly lower recurrence-free survival (P ≤ .0001). TB was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis in patients with early cancer stage (P = .042). Multivariate analysis demonstrated extranodal extension and TB as independent predictors of lymph node recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio = 9.90 and 3.89, respectively). TB is a significant predictor of tumor aggression with locoregional failure even in the revised 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system.