3D strain-induced superconductivity in La<sub>2</sub>CuO<sub>4+δ</sub> using a simple vertically aligned nanocomposite approach.

Choi, Eun-Mi; Di Bernardo, Angelo; Zhu, Bonan; Lu, Ping; Alpern, Hen; Zhang, Kelvin H L; Shapira, Tamar; Feighan, John et al. · Sci Adv · 2019

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

A long-term goal for superconductors is to increase the superconducting transition temperature, <i>T</i> <sub>C</sub>. In cuprates, <i>T</i> <sub>C</sub> depends strongly on the out-of-plane Cu-apical oxygen distance and the in-plane Cu-O distance, but there has been little attention paid to tuning them independently. Here, in simply grown, self-assembled, vertically aligned nanocomposite thin films of La<sub>2</sub>CuO<sub>4+δ</sub> + LaCuO<sub>3</sub>, by strongly increasing out-of-plane distances without reducing in-plane distances (three-dimensional strain engineering), we achieve superconductivity up to 50 K in the vertical interface regions, spaced ~50 nm apart. No additional process to supply excess oxygen, e.g., by ozone or high-pressure oxygen annealing, was required, as is normally the case for plain La<sub>2</sub>CuO<sub>4+δ</sub> films. Our proof-of-concept work represents an entirely new approach to increasing <i>T</i> <sub>C</sub> in cuprates or other superconductors.