Digital innovation evaluation: user perceptions of innovation readiness, digital confidence, innovation adoption, user experience and behaviour change.

Abstract

Innovation spread is a key policy objective for health systems world-wide, but adoption success varies enormously. We have developed a set of short generic user-reported measures to help understand how and why healthcare innovations spread. This work builds on the literature and on practical experience in developing and using patient-reported outcome measures. The <i>Innovation Readiness Score</i> measures user perceptions of how much they are open to and up-to-date with new ideas, and whether their organisations are receptive to and capable of innovation. It is based on Rogers' classification of innovativeness (innovator, early adopter, early majority, etc).The <i>Digital Confidence Score</i> rates users' digital literacy and confidence to use digital products, with dimensions of familiarity, social pressure, support and digital self-efficacy.The <i>Innovation Adoption Score</i> rates the adoption process in terms of coherence and reflective thought before, during and after implementation. It is based on Normalisation Process Theory.The <i>User Satisfaction</i> measure assesses a digital product in terms of usefulness, ease of use, support and satisfaction.The <i>Behaviour Change</i> measure covers user perceptions of their capability, opportunity and motivation to change behaviour, based on the COM-B model.These measures have been mapped onto Greenhalgh's NASSS Framework (non-adoption, abandonment and challenges to scale-up, spread and sustainability of health and care technologies). These tools measure different aspects of digital health innovations and may help predict the success of innovation dissemination, diffusion and spread programmes.