Interpreting Outcomes 1-Change and Difference: Linking Evidence to Practice.

Abstract

Inconsistency is common when describing outcomes. Outcomes, whether assessed at baseline, during or post treatment, or at follow-up, can be measured in various ways. But there is a critical division that is always relevant, and interpreting the findings of a study is not possible unless the reader understands which side of a metaphorical fence the numbers are on. The 2 sides of this fence can be called <i>change</i> and <i>difference</i>. The distinction between change and difference is critical with respect to interpreting the results of studies of treatment effectiveness, as the 2 types of findings give the reader different kinds of information. <i>J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2019;49(5):357-358. doi:10.2519/jospt.2019.0703</i>.