Clinical spectrum of renal disease in hospitalized HIV/AIDS patients: A teaching hospital experience.

Abstract

Renal involvement in HIV patients is relatively common and quite broad. However, despite an increasingly large number of HIV patients in Asia, systematic studies of renal involvement are lacking. The study was carried out to delineate the clinical spectrum of renal disease in HIV/AIDS patients hospitalised in a tertiary care centre. A total of 510 consecutive hospitalised HIV/AIDS with age >18years were included in the study. Detailed demographic, clinical and laboratory data including urinalysis was obtained from all participants. Electrolyte disorders were seen in 71% of patients, with the most frequent being hyponatremia (61%). Acute renal failure was seen in 15.8% and CKD was found in 13% of HIV patients. Dipstick proteinuria of grade ≥1+ was seen in 147 patients (29% of total). CD4 count had a significant positive correlation with creatinine clearance, hyponatremia and total leukocyte count, and significant negative correlation with duration of disease and proteinuria. Electrolyte disorders and renal involvement are quite common in HIV/AIDS patients from India. Prompt diagnosis and management is required as their presence carry higher morbidity and mortality.