Prospective Evaluation of PSMA-Targeted ¹⁸F-DCFPyL PET/CT in Men with Biochemical Failure After Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer.

Abstract

Our purpose is to provide the results of a prospective study evaluating prostate-specific membrane antigen-targeted ¹⁸F-DCFPyL (2-(3-{1-carboxy-5-[(6-¹⁸F-fluoro-pyridine-3-carbonyl)-amino]-pentyl}-ureido)-pentanedioic acid) PET/CT in patients with biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer (PCa). <b>Methods:</b> Thirty-one patients with postprostatectomy serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels of at least 0.2 ng/mL and negative conventional imaging results were enrolled in this study and imaged with ¹⁸F-DCFPyL PET/CT. A consensus central review identified foci of radiotracer uptake consistent with sites of PCa. Descriptive statistics were used. <b>Results:</b> Twenty-one patients (67.7%) had at least 1 finding on ¹⁸F-DCFPyL PET/CT consistent with a site of PCa. Imaging was positive in 59.1% of patients with a PSA level of less than 1.0 ng/mL and in 88.9% of patients with a PSA level of more than 1.0 ng/mL. The median SUV_max across all lesions was 11.6 (range, 1.5-57.6). <b>Conclusion:</b> In this prospective study using the prostate-specific membrane antigen-targeted PET agent ¹⁸F-DCFPyL, most patients with biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy had foci of suggestive uptake, even at low serum PSA levels.