Positive survival trend in metastatic head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma over four-decades: Multicenter study.

Abstract

This study assessed changes over time of survival of head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (HNcSCC) with lymph node metastases. A multicenter analysis of 1301 patients with metastatic HNcSCC treated between 1980 and 2017. Differences in disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) by decade were assessed using multivariate Cox regression. Over the study period, we noted an increase in the proportion of patients aged over 80 years (3.9%-31.7%; P < .001) and immunosuppression (1.9%-9.9%; P = .03). After adjusting for number and size of metastatic nodes, extranodal extension, perineural invasion, immunosuppression, treatment, and institution, there was a reduction in risk of cancer-related mortality from 0.47 in 1990-1999 (P = .04) to 0.30 in 2000-2009 (P < .001) when compared to 1980-1989. This remained stable at 0.30 in 2010-2017 (P = .001). OS remained stable after 1990. Despite an aging and more frequently immunosuppressed population, fewer patients are dying from metastatic HNcSCC.