Rainfall drives variation in rates of change in intrinsic water use efficiency of tropical forests.

Adams, Mark A; Buckley, Thomas N; Turnbull, Tarryn L · Nat Commun · 2019

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Rates of change in intrinsic water use efficiency (W) of trees relative to those in atmospheric [CO<sub>2</sub>] (c<sub>a</sub>) have been mostly assessed via short-term studies (e.g., leaf analysis, flux analysis) and/or step increases in c<sub>a</sub> (e.g., FACE studies). Here we use compiled data for abundances of carbon isotopes in tree stems to show that on decadal scales, rates of change (dW/dc<sub>a</sub>) vary with location and rainfall within the global tropics. For the period 1915-1995, and including corrections for mesophyll conductance and photorespiration, dW/dc<sub>a</sub> for drier tropical forests (receiving ~ 1000 mm rainfall) were at least twice that of the wettest (receiving ~ 4000 mm). The data also empirically confirm theorized roles of tropical forests in changes in atmospheric <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>12</sup>C ratios (the <sup>13</sup>C Suess Effect). Further formal analysis of geographic variation in decade-to-century scale dW/dc<sub>a</sub> will be needed to refine current models that predict increases in carbon uptake by forests without hydrological cost.