Highly Efficient Sodium Storage in Iron Oxide Nanotube Arrays Enabled by Built-In Electric Field.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 31465132.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1002/adma.201902603.
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Abstract
High-power sodium-ion batteries capable of charging and discharging rapidly and durably are eagerly demanded to replace current lithium-ion batteries. However, poor activity and instable cycling of common sodium anode materials represent a huge barrier for practical deployment. A smart design of ordered nanotube arrays of iron oxide (Fe<sub>2</sub> O<sub>3</sub> ) is presented as efficient sodium anode, simply enabled by surface sulfurization. The resulted heterostructure of oxide and sulfide spontaneously develops a built-in electric field, which reduces the activation energy and accelerates charge transport significantly. Benefiting from the synergy of ordered architecture and built-in electric field, such arrays exhibit a large reversible capacity, a superior rate capability, and a high retention of 91% up to 200 cycles at a high rate of 5 A g<sup>-1</sup> , outperforming most reported iron oxide electrodes. Furthermore, full cells based on the Fe<sub>2</sub> O<sub>3</sub> array anode and the Na<sub>0.67</sub> (Mn<sub>0.67</sub> Ni<sub>0.23</sub> Mg<sub>0.1</sub> )O<sub>2</sub> cathode deliver a specific energy of 142 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup> at a power density of 330 W kg<sup>-1</sup> (based on both active electrodes), demonstrating a great potential in practical application. This material design may open a new door in engineering efficient anode based on earth-abundant materials.