Serum lipids and risk of atherosclerosis in xanthelasma palpebrarum: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract

The association between dyslipidemia and xanthelasma palpebrarum (XP) remains controversial, and no definite evidence has indicated atherosclerosis risk in patients with XP. The present study was a systematic review and meta-analysis to elucidate the association of serum lipid profiles and risk of atherosclerotic diseases with XP. We systematically searched for the eligible comparative studies published before April 15, 2019, in the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library. A random-effects model was used to calculate the standard mean difference with 95% confidence interval for each pooled estimate. The qualitative analyses included 15 case-control studies with 854 patients with XP. Compared with the controls, the patients with XP had significantly higher serum levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins, significantly higher apolipoprotein B levels, and relatively lower apolipoprotein A1 levels, and the carotid intima-media thickness was significantly higher. Patients with XP had significantly higher serum levels of atherogenic low-density lipoproteins and bore significantly higher risk of atherosclerosis than the controls. Careful monitoring and targeted intervention for prevention of cardiovascular diseases is essential for these patients.