Ambient black carbon particles reach the fetal side of human placenta.

Bové, Hannelore; Bongaerts, Eva; Slenders, Eli; Bijnens, Esmée M; Saenen, Nelly D; Gyselaers, Wilfried; Van Eyken, Peter; Plusquin, Michelle et al. · Nat Commun · 2019

cross_sectional · Level IV

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Abstract

Particle transfer across the placenta has been suggested but to date, no direct evidence in real-life, human context exists. Here we report the presence of black carbon (BC) particles as part of combustion-derived particulate matter in human placentae using white-light generation under femtosecond pulsed illumination. BC is identified in all screened placentae, with an average (SD) particle count of 0.95 × 10<sup>4</sup> (0.66 × 10<sup>4</sup>) and 2.09 × 10<sup>4</sup> (0.9 × 10<sup>4</sup>) particles per mm<sup>3</sup> for low and high exposed mothers, respectively. Furthermore, the placental BC load is positively associated with mothers' residential BC exposure during pregnancy (0.63-2.42 µg per m<sup>3</sup>). Our finding that BC particles accumulate on the fetal side of the placenta suggests that ambient particulates could be transported towards the fetus and represents a potential mechanism explaining the detrimental health effects of pollution from early life onwards.

Medical subject headings