High-throughput genome-wide phenotypic screening via immunomagnetic cell sorting.

Abstract

Genome-scale functional genetic screens are used to identify key genetic regulators of a phenotype of interest. However, the identification of genetic modifications that lead to a phenotypic change requires sorting large numbers of cells, which increases operational times and costs and limits cell viability. Here, we introduce immunomagnetic cell sorting facilitated by a microfluidic chip as a rapid and scalable high-throughput method for loss-of-function phenotypic screening using CRISPR-Cas9. We used the method to process an entire genome-wide screen containing more than 10⁸ cells in less than 1 h-considerably surpassing the throughput achieved by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, the gold-standard technique for phenotypic cell sorting-while maintaining high levels of cell viability. We identified modulators of the display of CD47, which is a negative regulator of phagocytosis and an important cell-surface target for immuno-oncology drugs. The top hit of the screen, the glutaminyl cyclase QPCTL, was validated and shown to modify the N-terminal glutamine of CD47. The method presented could bridge the gap between fluorescence-activated cell sorting and less flexible yet higher-throughput systems such as magnetic-activated cell sorting.