Brain-specific Drp1 regulates postsynaptic endocytosis and dendrite formation independently of mitochondrial division.

Itoh, Kie; Murata, Daisuke; Kato, Takashi; Yamada, Tatsuya; Araki, Yoichi; Saito, Atsushi; Adachi, Yoshihiro; Igarashi, Atsushi et al. · Elife · 2019

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) divides mitochondria as a mechano-chemical GTPase. However, the function of Drp1 beyond mitochondrial division is largely unknown. Multiple Drp1 isoforms are produced through mRNA splicing. One such isoform, Drp1<sub>ABCD</sub>, contains all four alternative exons and is specifically expressed in the brain. Here, we studied the function of Drp1<sub>ABCD</sub> in mouse neurons in both culture and animal systems using isoform-specific knockdown by shRNA and isoform-specific knockout by CRISPR/Cas9. We found that the expression of Drp1<sub>ABCD</sub> is induced during postnatal brain development. Drp1<sub>ABCD</sub> is enriched in dendritic spines and regulates postsynaptic clathrin-mediated endocytosis by positioning the endocytic zone at the postsynaptic density, independently of mitochondrial division. Drp1<sub>ABCD</sub> loss promotes the formation of ectopic dendrites in neurons and enhanced sensorimotor gating behavior in mice. These data reveal that Drp1<sub>ABCD</sub> controls postsynaptic endocytosis, neuronal morphology and brain function.

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