Extreme nonlinear strong-field photoemission from carbon nanotubes.

Li, Chi; Chen, Ke; Guan, Mengxue; Wang, Xiaowei; Zhou, Xu; Zhai, Feng; Dai, Jiayu; Li, Zhenjun et al. · Nat Commun · 2019

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Strong-field photoemission produces attosecond (10<sup>-18</sup> s) electron pulses that are synchronized to the waveform of the incident light. This nonlinear photoemission lies at the heart of current attosecond technologies. Here we report a new nonlinear photoemission behaviour-the nonlinearity in strong-field regime sharply increases (approaching 40th power-law scaling), making use of sub-nanometric carbon nanotubes and 800 nm pulses. As a result, the carrier-envelope phase sensitive photoemission current shows a greatly improved modulation depth of up to 100% (with a total modulation current up to 2 nA). The calculations reveal that the behaviour is an interplay of valence band optical-field emission with charge interaction, and the nonlinear dynamics can be tunable by changing the bandgap of carbon nanotubes. The extreme nonlinear photoemission offers a new means of producing extreme temporal-spatial resolved electron pulses, and provides a new design philosophy for attosecond electronics and photonics.