ITPK1 mediates the lipid-independent synthesis of inositol phosphates controlled by metabolism.

Desfougères, Yann; Wilson, Miranda S C; Laha, Debabrata; Miller, Gregory J; Saiardi, Adolfo · Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · 2019

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Inositol phosphates (IPs) comprise a network of phosphorylated molecules that play multiple signaling roles in eukaryotes. IPs synthesis is believed to originate with IP<sub>3</sub> generated from PIP<sub>2</sub> by phospholipase C (PLC). Here, we report that in mammalian cells PLC-generated IPs are rapidly recycled to inositol, and uncover the enzymology behind an alternative "soluble" route to synthesis of IPs. Inositol tetrakisphosphate 1-kinase 1 (ITPK1)-found in Asgard archaea, social amoeba, plants, and animals-phosphorylates I(3)P<sub>1</sub> originating from glucose-6-phosphate, and I(1)P<sub>1</sub> generated from sphingolipids, to enable synthesis of IP<sub>6</sub> We also found using PAGE mass assay that metabolic blockage by phosphate starvation surprisingly increased IP<sub>6</sub> levels in a ITPK1-dependent manner, establishing a route to IP<sub>6</sub> controlled by cellular metabolic status, that is not detectable by traditional [<sup>3</sup>H]-inositol labeling. The presence of ITPK1 in archaeal clades thought to define eukaryogenesis indicates that IPs had functional roles before the appearance of the eukaryote.

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