Carrier multiplication in van der Waals layered transition metal dichalcogenides.

Kim, Ji-Hee; Bergren, Matthew R; Park, Jin Cheol; Adhikari, Subash; Lorke, Michael; Frauenheim, Thomas; Choe, Duk-Hyun; Kim, Beom et al. · Nat Commun · 2019

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Carrier multiplication (CM) is a process in which high-energy free carriers relax by generation of additional electron-hole pairs rather than by heat dissipation. CM is promising disruptive improvements in photovoltaic energy conversion and light detection technologies. Current state-of-the-art nanomaterials including quantum dots and carbon nanotubes have demonstrated CM, but are not satisfactory owing to high-energy-loss and inherent difficulties with carrier extraction. Here, we report CM in van der Waals (vdW) MoTe<sub>2</sub> and WSe<sub>2</sub> films, and find characteristics, commencing close to the energy conservation limit and reaching up to 99% CM conversion efficiency with the standard model. This is demonstrated by ultrafast optical spectroscopy with independent approaches, photo-induced absorption, photo-induced bleach, and carrier population dynamics. Combined with a high lateral conductivity and an optimal bandgap below 1 eV, these superior CM characteristics identify vdW materials as an attractive candidate material for highly efficient and mechanically flexible solar cells in the future.