IgA pemphigus: A systematic review.

Abstract

The clinical, histologic, and immunopathologic features of IgA pemphigus have not been studied on a large scale. To synthesize existing data on the epidemiologic, clinical, histologic, and immunologic features of IgA pemphigus. We performed a systematic review using MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Case reports and series of patients with IgA pemphigus were included. A total of 119 eligible studies, comprising 137 patients with IgA pemphigus with a mean age of 51.5 ± 21.0 years, were included. Most patients presented with vesicles (80.8%), pustules (75.0%), and circinate plaques (63.6%). Pruritus was present in 65.6% of reported patients. Intercellular deposition of IgA was noted in almost all patients (97.0%), and the remaining 3.0% of patients had IgA positivity on indirect immunofluorescence or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay confirming the diagnosis. IgA circulating intercellular antibodies were detected in only 66.7% patients. IgA gammopathy and ulcerative colitis were associated with IgA pemphigus in 9.5% and 6.6% patients, respectively. Oral dapsone and corticosteroids were the mostly commonly used treatments. Results are mainly based on case reports and small case series. The diagnosis of IgA pemphigus may be considered in patients presenting with vesiculopustular eruption and circinate plaques with truncal and extremity involvement.