Nano/Microstructured Silicon-Carbon Hybrid Composite Particles Fabricated with Corn Starch Biowaste as Anode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 31825628.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04395.
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Abstract
Silicon has a great potential as an alternative to graphite which is currently used commercially as an anode material in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of its exceptional capacity and reasonable working potential. Herein, a low-cost and scalable approach is proposed for the production of high-performance silicon-carbon (Si-C) hybrid composite anodes for high-energy LIBs. The Si-C composite material is synthesized using a scalable microemulsion method by selecting silicon nanoparticles, using low-cost corn starch as a biomass precursor and finally conducting heat treatment under C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub> gas. This produces a unique nano/microstructured Si-C hybrid composite comprised of silicon nanoparticles embedded in micron-sized amorphous carbon balls derived from corn starch that is capsuled by thin graphitic carbon layer. Such a dual carbon matrix tightly surrounds the silicon nanoparticles that provides high electronic conductivity and significantly decreases the absolute stress/strain of the material during multiple lithiation-delithiation processes. The Si-C hybrid composite anode demonstrates a high capacity of 1800 mAh g<sup>-1</sup>, outstanding cycling stability with capacity retention of 80% over 500 cycles, and fast charge-discharge capability of 12 min. Moreover, the Si-C composite anode exhibits good acceptability in practical LIBs assembled with commercial Li[Ni<sub>0.6</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.2</sub>]O<sub>2</sub> and Li[Ni<sub>0.80</sub>Co<sub>0.15</sub>Al<sub>0.05</sub>]O<sub>2</sub> cathodes.