Direct Observation of Huge Flexoelectric Polarization around Crack Tips.

Wang, Hongguang; Jiang, Xijie; Wang, Yi; Stark, Robert W; van Aken, Peter A; Mannhart, Jochen; Boschker, Hans · Nano Lett · 2020

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Flexoelectricity is especially relevant for nanoscale structures, and it is expected to be largest at the tip of cracks. We demonstrate the presence of a huge flexoelectric polarization at crack tips in SrTiO<sub>3</sub> by direct observation with scanning transmission electron microscopy. We observe an averaged polarization of 62 ± 16 μC cm<sup>-2</sup> in the three unit cells adjacent to the crack tip, which is one of the largest flexoelectric polarizations ever reported. The polarization is screened by an electron density of 0.7 ± 0.1 e<sup>-</sup>/uc localized within one unit cell. These findings reveal the relevance of flexoelectricity for the science of crack formation and propagation.