Direct synthesis of adipic acid esters via palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of 1,3-dienes.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 31857484.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1126/science.aaz1293.
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Abstract
The direct carbonylation of 1,3-butadiene offers the potential for a more cost-efficient and environmentally benign route to industrially important adipic acid derivatives. However, owing to the complex reaction network of regioisomeric carbonylation and isomerization pathways, a selective practical catalyst for this process has thus far proven elusive. Here, we report the design of a pyridyl-substituted bidentate phosphine ligand (HeMaRaphos) that, upon coordination to palladium, catalyzes adipate diester formation from 1,3-butadiene, carbon monoxide, and butanol with 97% selectivity and 100% atom-economy under industrially viable and scalable conditions (turnover number > 60,000). This catalyst system also affords access to a variety of other di- and triesters from 1,2- and 1,3-dienes.