Cu<sub>2</sub>O photocathodes with band-tail states assisted hole transport for standalone solar water splitting.

Pan, Linfeng; Liu, Yuhang; Yao, Liang; Sivula, Kevin; Grätzel, Michael; Hagfeldt, Anders · Nat Commun · 2020

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Photoelectrochemical water splitting provides a promising solution for harvesting and storing solar energy. As the best-performing oxide photocathode, the Cu<sub>2</sub>O photocathode holds the performance rivaling that of many photovoltaic semiconductor-based photocathodes through continuous research and development. However, the state-of-the-art Cu<sub>2</sub>O photocathode employs gold as the back contact which can lead to considerable electron-hole recombination. Here, we present a Cu<sub>2</sub>O photocathode with overall improved performance, enabled by using solution-processed CuSCN as hole transport material. Two types of CuSCN with different structures are synthesized and carefully compared. Furthermore, detailed characterizations reveal that hole transport between Cu<sub>2</sub>O and CuSCN is assisted by band-tail states. Owing to the multiple advantages of applying CuSCN as the hole transport layer, a standalone solar water splitting tandem cell is built, delivering a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 4.55%. Finally, approaches towards more efficient dual-absorber tandems are discussed.