Hydrogen sulfide stimulates Mycobacterium tuberculosis respiration, growth and pathogenesis.

Saini, Vikram; Chinta, Krishna C; Reddy, Vineel P; Glasgow, Joel N; Stein, Asaf; Lamprecht, Dirk A; Rahman, Md Aejazur; Mackenzie, Jared S et al. · Nat Commun · 2020

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) is involved in numerous pathophysiological processes and shares overlapping functions with CO and •NO. However, the importance of host-derived H<sub>2</sub>S in microbial pathogenesis is unknown. Here we show that Mtb-infected mice deficient in the H<sub>2</sub>S-producing enzyme cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) survive longer with reduced organ burden, and that pharmacological inhibition of CBS reduces Mtb bacillary load in mice. High-resolution respirometry, transcriptomics and mass spectrometry establish that H<sub>2</sub>S stimulates Mtb respiration and bioenergetics predominantly via cytochrome bd oxidase, and that H<sub>2</sub>S reverses •NO-mediated inhibition of Mtb respiration. Further, exposure of Mtb to H<sub>2</sub>S regulates genes involved in sulfur and copper metabolism and the Dos regulon. Our results indicate that Mtb exploits host-derived H<sub>2</sub>S to promote growth and disease, and suggest that host-directed therapies targeting H<sub>2</sub>S production may be potentially useful for the management of tuberculosis and other microbial infections.

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