Immunological history governs human stem cell memory CD4 heterogeneity via the Wnt signaling pathway.

Kared, Hassen; Tan, Shu Wen; Lau, Mai Chan; Chevrier, Marion; Tan, Crystal; How, Wilson; Wong, Glenn; Strickland, Marie et al. · Nat Commun · 2020

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

The diversity of the naïve T cell repertoire drives the replenishment potential and capacity of memory T cells to respond to immune challenges. Attrition of the immune system is associated with an increased prevalence of pathologies in aged individuals, but whether stem cell memory T lymphocytes (T<sub>SCM</sub>) contribute to such attrition is still unclear. Using single cells RNA sequencing and high-dimensional flow cytometry, we demonstrate that T<sub>SCM</sub> heterogeneity results from differential engagement of Wnt signaling. In humans, aging is associated with the coupled loss of Wnt/β-catenin signature in CD4 T<sub>SCM</sub> and systemic increase in the levels of Dickkopf-related protein 1, a natural inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Functional assays support recent thymic emigrants as the precursors of CD4 T<sub>SCM</sub>. Our data thus hint that reversing T<sub>SCM</sub> defects by metabolic targeting of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway may be a viable approach to restore and preserve immune homeostasis in the context of immunological history.

Medical subject headings