The giant aggressive chondroma: A rare entity, a difficult approach.

Zoccali, Carmine; Baldi, Jacopo; Anelli, Vincenzo; Annovazzi, Alessio; Scotto di Uccio, Alessandra; Arrigoni, Francesco; Barile, Antonio; Masciocchi, Carlo · J Orthop · 2020

case_series · Level IV

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Abstract

enchondromas rarely exceed 3-6 cm in long bones. Although the risk of developing secondary chondrosarcoma has been reported up to 4% in solitary lesions, it is not known if size represents a risk factor for transformation. to describe three exceptional cases of enchondromas of the entire femur whereof one dedifferentiated in chondrosarcoma. two patients present stable disease at 5 and 6 years of follow-up; the third, already diagnosed with a dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, died 14 months after the index surgery for systemic disease. based on these observations, our hypothesis is that lesion size is an important risk factor for malignant transformation.