Prenatal, Early-Life, and Childhood Exposure to Air Pollution and Lung Function: The ALSPAC Cohort.

Abstract

<b>Rationale</b>: Exposure to air pollution during intrauterine development and through childhood may have lasting effects on respiratory health.<b>Objectives</b>: To investigate lung function at ages 8 and 15 years in relation to air pollution exposures during pregnancy, infancy, and childhood in a UK population-based birth cohort.<b>Methods</b>: Individual exposures to source-specific particulate matter ≤10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM₁₀) during each trimester, 0-6 months, 7-12 months (1990-1993), and up to age 15 years (1991-2008) were examined in relation to FEV₁% predicted and FVC% predicted at ages 8 (<i>n</i> = 5,276) and 15 (<i>n</i> = 3,446) years using linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders. A profile regression model was used to identify sensitive time periods.<b>Measurements and Main Results</b>: We did not find clear evidence of a sensitive exposure period for PM₁₀ from road traffic. At age 8 years, 1 μg/m³ higher exposure during the first trimester was associated with lower FEV₁% predicted (-0.826; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.357 to -0.296) and FVC% predicted (-0.817; 95% CI, -1.357 to -0.276), but similar associations were seen for exposures for other trimesters, 0-6 months, 7-12 months, and 0-7 years. Associations were stronger among boys, as well as children whose mother had a lower education level or smoked during pregnancy. For PM₁₀ from all sources, the third trimester was associated with lower FVC% predicted (-1.312; 95% CI, -2.100 to -0.525). At age 15 years, no adverse associations with lung function were seen.<b>Conclusions</b>: Exposure to road-traffic PM₁₀ during pregnancy may result in small but significant reductions in lung function at age 8 years.