On-Chip Sensing of Hotspots in Superconducting Terahertz Emitters.

Zhou, Xianjing; Han, Xu; Koelle, Dieter; Kleiner, Reinhold; Welp, Ulrich; Zhang, Xufeng; Jin, Dafei · Nano Lett · 2020

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Intrinsic Josephson junctions in high-temperature superconductor Bi<sub>2</sub>Sr<sub>2</sub>CaCu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8+δ</sub> (BSCCO) are known for their capability to emit high-power terahertz photons with widely tunable frequencies. Hotspots, as inhomogeneous temperature distributions across the junctions, are believed to play a critical role in synchronizing the gauge-invariant phase difference among the junctions, so as to achieve coherent strong emission. In this paper, we demonstrate an on-chip <i>in situ</i> sensing technique that can characterize hotspot distributions on BSCCO. This is achieved by fabricating a series of micro-nanosized "sensor" junctions on top of an "emitter" junction and measuring the critical current on the sensors versus the bias current applied to the emitter. This fully electronic on-chip design can enable efficient close-loop control of hotspots in BSCCO junctions and significantly enhance the functionality of superconducting terahertz emitters.