Continuously controllable photoconductance in freestanding BiFeO<sub>3</sub> by the macroscopic flexoelectric effect.

Guo, Rui; You, Lu; Lin, Weinan; Abdelsamie, Amr; Shu, Xinyu; Zhou, Guowei; Chen, Shaohai; Liu, Liang et al. · Nat Commun · 2020

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Flexoelectricity induced by the strain gradient is attracting much attention due to its potential applications in electronic devices. Here, by combining a tunable flexoelectric effect and the ferroelectric photovoltaic effect, we demonstrate the continuous tunability of photoconductance in BiFeO<sub>3</sub> films. The BiFeO<sub>3</sub> film epitaxially grown on SrTiO<sub>3</sub> is transferred to a flexible substrate by dissolving a sacrificing layer. The tunable flexoelectricity is achieved by bending the flexible substrate which induces a nonuniform lattice distortion in BiFeO<sub>3</sub> and thus influences the inversion asymmetry of the film. Multilevel conductance is thus realized through the coupling between flexoelectric and ferroelectric photovoltaic effect in freestanding BiFeO<sub>3</sub>. The strain gradient induced multilevel photoconductance shows very good reproducibility by bending the flexible BiFeO<sub>3</sub> device. This control strategy offers an alternative degree of freedom to tailor the physical properties of flexible devices and thus provides a compelling toolbox for flexible materials in a wide range of applications.