Hydrogen peroxide-response nanoprobe for CD44-targeted circulating tumor cell detection and H₂O₂ analysis.

Abstract

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represent the most common way of tumor metastasis and has been considered as a significant index for tumor diagnosis, staging and prognosis. However, CTC detection and analysis are always limited by the scarcity of CTC in the peripheral blood and the interference of blood cells. Therefore, here we presented with a hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-response nanoprobes with CD44-targeted ability to reduce the interference of blood cells and improve the detection efficiency and accuracy and the pancreatic cancer cell was used to evaluate the feasibility of our probe. Shortly, hydrophobic H₂O₂-response naphthalimide-borate fluorophore was introduced onto the hydrophilic hyaluronic acid to form an amphiphilic complex, which could self-assemble into fluorescent nanoprobes in water. Our studies demonstrated that the nanoprobes were not only able to specifically recognize the pancreatic cancer cells with overexpressed CD44 proteins and reduce the influence of white blood cells in the peripheral blood, but also capable of semi-quantifying H₂O₂ content in CTCs, Which could be further used as a significant index for tumor clinical evaluation and therapy.