Study of bodyweight and eating attitude among female university members in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A comparison between different methods of weight assessment.

Abstract

The economic transition in Saudi Arabia imposed negative consequences leading to an increase in the prevalence of obesity and its sequelae. Despite the commitment of high authorities in KSA to combat obesity, so far 25% of Saudis are still obese. The association between obesity, disordered eating attitude, and body image needs to be addressed. To explore the relationship between obesity, eating attitude, and body image satisfaction among students and employees at Princess Nourah University (PNU) and to compare the different modalities of assessing body weight. A cross-sectional study using a convenient sampling technique comprised of 550 participants. Obesity was assessed by anthropometric measurements and body composition monitor (BF511). Eating attitude test (EAT26) was used to determine eating attitude while body image satisfaction score was determined using body shape questionnaire (BSQ). Around 382 (69.5%) students and 168 employees participated in the study. Obesity was significantly higher among employees (48.2%) vs students (27.7%) (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Body fat composition showed significant positive correlations ranging from weak-to-moderate (0.13 to 0.44) with other body measurements for students and employees. The disordered eating attitude was maximized among obese compared to other BMI groups (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Percentage of disordered eating attitude score correlated positively with BMI: 35.2% vs 52.3% among underweight and obese, respectively (<i>P</i> = 0.001). There was no statistical difference in eating attitudes between students and employees. BSQ score correlates positively with BMI (<i>P</i> < 0.001), it was 36.73 ± 18.68 vs 57.92 ± 18.50 for underweight and obese, respectively. The effect of BMI on body image score was 19.1%. Obesity remains a significant health problem among Saudi females. Increased BMI is associated with increased disordered food attitude and the effect of BMI on body image score was minimal.